96.5 cm (3.17 linear feet) textual material, 7 photograph albums, 189 photographic images (154 prints, 7 safety negatives, 5 color slides, 41 slides, 15 postcards), 45 sandpainting reproductions.
Identification:
MS-022
Language:
Materials inEnglish, Navajo, and German
Repository:
Museum of Northern Arizona
3101 N. Fort Valley Rd.
Flagstaff, AZ 86001
928-774-5211 ext. 256 or 269
library@mna.mus.az.us
Biographical Note
Gladys Amanda Reichard (17 July 1893 - 25 July 1955) was born in Bangor, Pennsylvania to Quaker physician Noah W. Reichard and Minerva Ann Jordan. Reichard was of Pennsylvania Dutch heritage. Reichard’s mother died when she was a child and her father got remarried to Laura Digitt. Noah Reichard died in 1926.
Reichard was raised in an intellectually oriented family and began teaching at the age of 16. In 1915, she enrolled at Swarthmore College where she majored in classics. Her interest in anthropology was sparked as a senior at Swarthmore and she immediately enrolled at Columbia University to study under famed anthropologist, Franz Boas. She received her M.A. in 1920 and spent the next few years studying the Wiyot language in California, which was the basis for her doctoral research. She received her PhD from Columbia University in 1925. Boas and Reichard became very close over the years and it was because of him that she got a teaching position at Barnard College. Reichard worked for Barnard College from 1928-1951 teaching general courses in anthropology, primitive art, social life, religion, folklore, problems of race, and introductory courses in linguistics.
Field work was a very important part of Reichard’s life and she spent many of her summers on various Native American reservations, such as the Navajo and Coeur d’Alene studying weaving, sandpaintings, religion, and the languages. She eventually started teaching courses on how to write Navajo to the native speakers on the reservation. Because of her close association with the tribe, Reichard was given permission by some to view ceremonies.
She also studied Melanesian Design in Germany in 1926-1927 and later published a two-volume book on the subject.
During her career, Reichard served as secretary for the American Ethnological Society, the American Folk-Lore Society, the Linguistic Circle of New York, and the American Association for the Advancement of Science.
Around 1940, Reichard began spending every summer and two sabbaticals in Flagstaff, Arizona, doing research at the Museum of Northern Arizona. After suffering 2 strokes, Reichard passed away in 1955 and was buried in Flagstaff.
Scope and Content
This collection includes drafts, notes, and manuscripts for many of Reichard’s published and unpublished works, as well as correspondence about her interests in Navajo ethnology, language, and sandpaintings. The collection also includes sandpainting reproductions, manuscripts written by colleagues and edited by Reichard, photograph albums belonging to Reichard and her colleagues, and biographical records relating to Reichard.
This collection contains culturally sensitive material. Therefore, portions of this collection have been restricted. This restriction was placed by staff at the Navajo Nation Historic Preservation Department on 30 October 2007. Contact the Museum of Northern Arizona archivist for more information.
Conditions Governing Use
Unpublished and published manuscripts are protected by copyright. Permission to publish, quote, or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder.
The Museum of Northern Arizona has related archival collections that contain sandpainting images; these have been collected, researched, and cross-indexed by Wyman with material in his sandpainting file:
The University of Arizona has a Roman Hubbell family papers collection (MS-322), which includes Gladys Reichard as a primary correspondent. The University of California, Berkley, has a Gladys A. Reichard collection in its linguistics department as well as at the Bancroft Library. The American Philosophical Society’s Franz Boas papers (Mss.B.B61) contains extensive correspondence with Reichard. Columbia University houses Reichard’s original thesis. Harvard and Princeton libraries also house some of Reichard’s original manuscripts.
All materials created by Alexander Stephen that Reichard collected were removed from Accession #MS-22 and made their own collection. The Alexander Stephan collection is now collection #MS-369.
Sandpainting reproductions in series 16 and 17 correlate with Leland C. Wyman's sandpainting index. This index is located in collection #MS-110.
MS-27 (Louisa Wade Wetherill collection)
MS-33 (Leland C. Wyman Sandpainting collection)
MS-34 (Katherine M. Harvey Sandpainting collection)
MS-22 was donated to the Museum of Northern Arizona by Gladys Reichard’s sister, Lillian Reichard in 1956. MS-29 was deposited in 1963 through Reichard's estate.
Bibliography
This collection includes drafts and notes relating to the following publications by Reichard:
Reichard, Gladys Amanda. 1939. Dezba: woman of the desert. New York: J.J. Augustin. Reichard,
Gladys Amanda, and J. F. Huckel. 1939. Navajo medicine man; sandpaintings and legends of Miguelito. New York: J.J. Augustin.
Reichard, Gladys Amanda. 1934. A Navaho speller-reader; for the students of the Hogan School, 1934.
Newcomb, Franc Johnson, and Gladys Amanda Reichard. 1937. Sandpaintings of the Navajo shooting chant. New York: J.J. Augustin.
This subseries includes notes, correspondence, and drafts relating to manuscripts written by Reichard mostly relating to ethnology and Navajo culture and language.
Box
Folder
1
3
"Sandpaintings of the Navajo Shooting Chant": introduction, , circa 1937
Box
Folder
3
11
"Reichard Communications 1 and 3: The Navajo Vote": correspondence, manuscripts, , 1948
Box
Folder
4
1
"Goals and Methods of Navajo Discipline": manuscripts, correspondence, 1955
4
2
"Ethnology and the Navajo Language": manuscripts, undated
4
3
"Navajo Concepts of Well-Being": manuscripts, correspondence, notes, 1955
4
4
"Some Materials on the Navajo": manuscript, bibliography, 1947
This subseries includes notes, correspondence, and drafts relating to manuscripts written by Reichard’s colleagues, most of which have been corrected/annotated by Reichard or used as reference material for her manuscripts.
Box
Folder
5
10
"Death of a Navajo Medicine Man": correspondence, galley, 1939
5
13
"Urine and Indigo": excerpts and comments, author unknown, undated
Box
Folder
9
9
"Myth of the Male Shooting Chant Evil-Chasing": [Bitanny] Navajo language manuscript, undated
9
10
"Myth of the Male Shooting Chant Evil-Chasing": [Bitanny] English language excerpts, undated
9
11
"Myth of the Male Shooting Chant Evil-Chasing": [Bitanny] handwritten excerpts, undated
9
12
"Myth of the Male Shooting Chant Evil-Chasing": [Bitanny] Navajo and English language manuscripts, undated
Box
Folder
10
1
"Male Shooting Chant: Its Story": P.E. Goddard, manuscript [English], circa 1920s
10
2
"Male Shooting Chant: Its Story": P.E. Goddard, manuscript [Navajo English] part 1, correspondence, circa 1920s
10
3
"Male Shooting Chant: Its Story": P.E. Goddard, manuscript [Navajo English] part 2, circa 1920s
10
4
"Male Shooting Chant: Its Story": P.E. Goddard, typed and handwritten excerpts, circa 1920s
10
5
Stories by Red Moustache: English/Navajo combined manuscript, circa 1937
10
6
Stories by Red Moustache: English and Navajo manuscripts, circa 1937
10
7
Red Moustache: misc. manuscripts, circa 1937
Box
Folder
11
1
"Big Star Chant Evil-Chasing": Red Moustache transcribed by Adolph Bitanny, undated
11
2
"Male Shooting Chant Holy": Navajo language manuscript, undated
11
4
"The Eagle Story": Franc Newcomb, manuscript , 1940
This series contains photograph albums and loose prints and negatives created by Reichard, Father Simeon Schwemberger, Charlie and Franc Newcomb, B.I. Staples, and other unknown photographers. The images are of Navajos, Southwest architecture, pueblos, Arizona, New Mexico, sandpaintings, ceremonies, Hopi, San Juan, San Ildefonso, and Mexico. Most of the albums created by others were given to Reichard by the creator or through a colleague.
Box
Folder
1
2
Photographs of sandpaintings in the Bush collection, undated
Box
14
Photograph album: Navajos, Southwest architecture, pueblos, Arizona, and New Mexico, undated
Box
Folder
1
10
"Dezba: Woman of the Desert": photograph album, circa 1939
1
11
Photograph album by Father Simeon Schwemberger, 1905
Box
15
Photograph album: Hopi, San Juan, San Ildefonso, etc. dances. Mexico: Guaymas, Cuernavaca, architecture, scenes, people., undated
Box
GP-A 60
Glass plate negatives, 1883-1884
Box
Folder
2
1
Glass plate negative prints, undated
2
2
Landscape prints, undated
2
3
Photographs and notes of sandpaintings; shooting way, emergence myth, water way, hailway, and misc. , undated
2
4
Navajo photograph album, undated
2
5
Photograph album by Charlie and Franc Newcomb, undated
Box
16
Photograph album by B.I. Staples, 1913, 1920s-1930s
Box
Folder
3
1
Postcards, photographs, notes, negative number list removed from B.I. Staples photograph album, undated
3
2
B.I. Staples original negatives, undated
3
3
Navajo Postcards, circa 1937
Box
Folder
8
5
Photographs of Big Hoop ceremony, undated
8
6
Photographs: paraphernalia for shootingway, undated
This series contains correspondence mostly regarding sandpaintings, and the Navajo from Elsie Clews Parsons, Adolph Bitanny, Katherine Harvey, and others.
Box
Folder
1
4
Correspondence from and regarding Adolph D. Bitanny, 1937-1947
1
7
Correspondence, 1936-1947
1
9
Correspondence and Navajo language materials, 1934
This series includes Blessingway, Hailway, Big Starway, Mountainway, Nightway, and Navajo Windway sandpainting reproductions, and slides and prints of the reproductions.
See MS-110 Leland C. Wyland Sandpainting Index. Wyman's Sandpainting Index numbers are indicted in square brackets below.
Box
Folder
SP Image Box 1
3-4
F.J. Newcomb, Blessingway, Mountains[SP Index BW-52a], undated
SP Image Box 1
3-4
F.J. Newcomb, Blessingway, Blue Earth[SP Index BW-46a], undated
SP Image Box 1
3-4
F.J. Newcomb, Hailway, Rain People [SP Index HC-7b], undated
SP Image Box 1
3-4
F.J. Newcomb, Hailway, Storm (Rain) People [SP Index HC-9c], undated
SP Image Box 1
3-4
F.J. Newcomb, Hailway, Night Sky [SP Index HC-11b], undated
SP Image Box 1
3-4
F.J. Newcomb, Hailway, Sun With Rays [SP Index HC-13b], undated
SP Image Box 1
3-4
F.J. Newcomb, Hailway, preliminary drawing for Sun With Rays [SP Index HC-13b], undated
SP Image Box 1
3-4
F.J. Newcomb, Hailway, Moon With Rays [SP Index HC-14a], undated
SP Image Box 1
3-4
F.J. Newcomb, Hailway, Big Fly [SP Index HC-23], undated
SP Image Box 1
3-4
F.J. Newcomb, Hailway, Cloud People [SP Index HC-19], undated
SP Image Box 1
3-4
F.J. Newcomb, Big Starway, Star People and Endless Snake [SP Index BSC-1b], undated
SP Image Box 1
3-4
F.J. Newcomb, Mountainway, Mountain Gods With Packs [SP Index BSC-1b], undated
SP Image Box 1
3-4
F.J. Newcomb, Mountainway, Mountain Gods [SP Index MC-23], undated
SP Image Box 1
3-4
F.J. Newcomb, Mountainway, Great Plumed Arrows [SP Index MC-59a], undated
