Scientific manuscripts, lectures, articles and lab manuals relate
to Lecomte de Noüy's research in biophysics; performed chiefly at the
Rockefeller Institute, New York, 1920-1927, and the Pasteur Institute, Paris,
1927-1936. After 1936, his writings concern philosophy of science; specifically
as it relates to evolution, religion, and teleology.
Collection Number:
MS 174
Repository:
University of Arizona Libraries, Special Collections
University of Arizona
PO Box 210055
Tucson, AZ 85721-0055
Phone: 520-621-6423
Fax: 520-621-9733
URL: http://speccoll.library.arizona.edu/
Biographical Note
French bio-physicist and philosopher born in Paris on December 20,
1883. He obtained his degrees of LL.B; PH.B; SC.B; PH.D; and SC.D at the
Sorbonne in Paris and graduated from Law School, though he never practiced. A
descendant of writers and artists, who included Corneille, he was brought up in
free thinking, intellectual circles and started life by writing short stories
as well as several plays which were produced with success. His deep interest in
philosophy and the belief that to progress, it would, henceforth, have to be
based on science, led to his taking up his scientific studies again under the
Curies, Appell, and others.
The outbreak of World War I sent him to the front as a lieutenant in the
"Chasseurs à pied" but his knowledge of mechanics and driving soon put
him in command of a motor section with headquarters at Compiègne, where
he met Dr. Alexis Carrel, with whom he worked in his spare hours on the problem
of the cicatrization of wounds. At Dr. Carrel's request he was attached in 1915
to his unit where he remained until the end of the war, with the exception of a
short mission to the United States.
In 1920 he joined the Rockefeller Institute in New York as an associate
member, leaving there in 1927 to go to the Pasteur Institute in Paris, where he
created the first laboratory of molecular bio-physics in Europe. Heisenberg's
theory of indeterminism, as well as the laws of chance, coupled with years of
work on living matter by means of physical methods, had convinced him that life
and the steady progress of evolution cannot be accounted for by modern physical
laws and that materialism can no longer be based on science. His articles and
lectures on the subject aroused the enmity of the left wing and forced his
resignation from the Pasteur Institute in 1936. The title of Director of the
Ecole des Hautes Etudes at the Sorbonne did not provide the laboratories
necessary to contine his scientific work and after a trip around the world he
wrote
L'Homme devant la Science which shows that the laws of
chance cannot account for life and evolution. Modern laboratories were being
built for him by an industrialist outside of Paris when World War II broke out.
Conditions under German occupation prevented experimental work and he devoted
himself to writing
L'Avenir de l'Esprit, published in 1941 and crowned in 1942
by the French Academy. In 1944 the University of Lausanne awared the Arnold
Raymond prize for the most valuable contribution to the philosophy of science
to these two books and
Le Tempe et la Vie (Bilogical Time) which had come out in
1936. This book gave his new concept of biological time differing from sidereal
time, deduced from his experiments on the cicatrization of wounds.
Together with his wife, an American, whom he married in 1923, he escaped
from Paris at the end of 1942, reaching the United States of America in January
1943.
La Dignité Humaine, which developed some of hthe
ideas in his first two books and stressed moral and spiritual conclusions, was
published by Brentano in New York in 1944. That year he covered 35,000 miles,
lecturing for the YMCA and the USO on his experiences in Paris under the
Germans.
Human Destiny, a synthesis of his three French books was
published in 1947, shorltly before his death on September 22, 1947 after a long
and painful illness.
Lecomte de Noüy's scientific work can be classed in four
principal groups:
1915-1920--Cicatrization of wounds--He established the mathematical
formula based on the surface of the wound and age of the patient and could thus
calculate beforehand the exact date of cicatrizatiuon and scientifically check
the treatments employed to deduce the physiological age.
1920-1926--Absorption phenomena of surface tension--The tensiometer
which won a Franklin Institute award in 1923, enabled him to provide evidence
of the existence of monomolecular layers which in turn disclosed three minima
in the surface tension of sodium oleate and enabled him to clculate the three
dimensions of the molecule as well as the dimension of the ovalbumine molecule
and give a determination of the Avogadro number in excellent accord with
previous ones.
Physico-chemical characteristics of Immunity--The study of thin layers
of serum on water led to the discovery of a physico-chemical phenomenon not due
to immunization and showed that the serum is constituted of asymetric prismatic
molecules capable of being polarized in monomolecular layers.
1927-1933--Experiments made by heating serum at a temperature above 55
degrees Celcius. Showed an increase in surface tension, viscosity, rotatory
power, rotatory dispersion, etc. Altogether twelve new phenomena were
discovered, proving that serum and plasma are true solutions molecularly
dispersed and not colloids as had been thought hereto fore. Most of these
experiments were based on new insturments and new techniques, which have since
been extensively used in scientific and industrial laboratories. Amongst these
figure the tensionmeter, a microviscosimeter, an ionometer for the measurement
of pH up to the 4th and 5th decimal points and an automatic spectrophotometer
in the infra-red.
Scope and Content Note
Scientific manuscripts, lectures, articles and lab manuals relate to
Lecomte de Noüy's research in biophysics; performed chiefly at the
Rockefeller Institute, New York, 1920-1927, and the Pasteur Institute, Paris,
1927-1936. After 1936, his writings concern philosophy of science; specifically
as it relates to evolution, religion, and teleology. Manuscripts present
include
L'Avenir de l'Espirit,
La Dignité Humaine,
L'Homme Devant la Science,
Expose des Travaux,
Le Temps et la Vie (Biological Time), and
Human Destiny. Correspondents include Alexis Carrel, Pierre
Devaux, charles Guye, Ferdinand Hercík, and Charles Lindbergh.
Correspondence and articles provide information about Lecomte de Noüy's
association with the American USO from 1944-1945. His plays and short stories
appear to have been written from 1902-1914. Photographs are of Lecomte, his
laboratory, and his family.
It is the responsibility of the user to obtain permission to publish
from the owner of the copyright (the institution, the creator of the record,
the author or his/her transferees, heirs, legates, or literary executors). The
user agrees to indemnify and hold harmless the Arizona Board of Regents for the
University of Arizona, its officers, employees, and agents from and against all
claims made by any person asserting that he or she is an owner of
copyright.
Access Terms
Personal Name(s)
Carrel, Alexis, 1873-1944 --
Correspondence
Devaux, Pierre, 1897- --
Correspondence
Guye, Charles Eugène, db. 1866 --
Correspondence
Hercík, Ferdinand, 1905-1966 --
Correspondence
Lecomte du Noüy, Pierre,
1883-1947
Lecomte du Noüy, Pierre,
1883-1947 -- Archives
Lindbergh, Charles A.(Charles Augustus),
1902-1974 -- Correspondence
Miscellaneous articles: "Principals of General
Physiology," by W.M. Bayliss (authorization and beginning of translation).
, 1918
20
3
Miscellaneous articles: "La Biologie Moderne et le
problème de la Vie,"
Revue Scientifique.
, February 8,
1930
20
4
Miscellaneous articles: "A Titling Gas Stopcock,"
Science.
, February
1931
20
5
Miscellaneous articles: "Replacing the Telephone by a Loud
Speaker for Measurements Conductitity,"
Nature.
, February
1931
20
6
Miscellaneous articles: "La Cicatrisation de Plaies en
Surface,"
Livre Memorial Du Dr. Tuffier.
, July
1931
20
7
Miscellaneous articles: "Boutaric, Remarques sur l'Etude
des Transformations Pouvant se Produire dans les Milieux Troublés,"
Bull. Soc. Chimique de France.
, 1931
20
8
Miscellaneous articles: "Cultures des Tissus,"
Revue de Paris.
, September
1931
20
9
Miscellaneous articles: "La Bacteriologie Nouvelle,"
Correspondant.
, September
1931
20
10
Miscellaneous articles: "The Biological Problem,"
Memorial Libman.
, 1932
20
11
Miscellaneous articles: "Response du Comité des
Forjes,"
New Outlook.
, 1933
20
12
Miscellaneous articles: "Necessité de la Recherche
Scientifique,"
La France Vivant.
, 1934
20
13
Miscellaneous articles: "La science et la Vie."
, February
1935
20
14
Miscellaneous articles: "Lettre à Mr. Harris,"
Article sur Pasteur.
, February 21,
1936
20
15
Miscellaneous articles: "Filtration," (chapter for book on
Ultra-Viruses by Lepine and Levaditi).
, 1936
20
16
Miscellaneous articles: "Geistige Arbeit."
, July
1936
20
17
Miscellaneous articles: "L'Organisation du Laboratoire de
Recherche."
, 1936
20
18
Miscellaneous articles: "Biophysique Moleculaire et
Immunologie."
, 1937
20
19
Miscellaneous articles: "Le Mystere des Colloides,"
(préface pur la conférence à Mr. Allee).
, 1937
20
20
Miscellaneous articles: "La Biophysique Moleculaire,"
Revue D'Actinologie.
, 1938
20
21
Miscellaneous articles: "Consideration on the Study of
General Biology in the Light of Modern Science."
, 1938
box
folder
21
1
Miscellaneous articles: Extrait de "L'Homme Devant la
Science,"
Revue Universelle.
, March 15,
1939
21
2
Miscellaneous articles: Résponse au Questionnaire
de "Volontés."
, 1939
21
3
Miscellaneous articles: "La Position de la Culture
Japonaise dans le Monde,"
Concours Japonais.
, 1940
21
4
Miscellaneous articles: "Recherche Scientifique en Temps
de Guerre,"
Courrier Royal.
, 1940
21
5
Paris letter.
, May 30,
1940
21
6
Miscellaneous articles: Résponse au Questionnaire
de Mr. LoDuca.
, June 2,
1940
21
7
Miscellaneous articles: L'Institut de Recherches de
Demain.
, 1941
21
8
Miscellaneous articles: Préface pour Livre de Ch.
E. Gliye.
, 1941
21
9
Miscellaneous articles: "Qu'entend-on par l'Avenir de la
Science?"
, 1942
21
10
Miscellaneous articles: "Evolution et Religion,"
Bulletin Des Etudes Française.
, February
1944
21
11
Miscellaneous articles: L'Américan Moyen nous tend
la Main.
, April
1945
21
12
Miscellaneous articles: "Science and Religion; the Point
of View of a Scientist," (for YMCA pamphlet).
, April
1945
21
13
Miscellaneous articles: "A la Recherche du Tempe
Vécu..."
Revue de L'F.A.L..
, June 30,
1945
21
14
Miscellaneous articles: "Concerning the Rate of
Evaporation of Water Through Orientated Monolayers of Water,"
Science.
, October
1945
21
15
Miscellaneous articles: Preface à "L'Homme Libre,
ce Prisioner," de André Lang.
, may
1946
21
16
Miscellaneous articles: "La Problème de la Vie."
21
17
Miscellaneous articles: "Cours de Technique de
Laboratoire."
21
18
Miscellaneous articles: "Les Problèmes Fondamentaux
de la Matière Vivante et l'Organisation de la Recherche Pure."
21
19
Miscellaneous articles: "Aspects Mathématiques de
Certaines Courbes de Température."
21
20
Miscellaneous articles: Notes pour articles.
21
21
Miscellaneous articles: "L'Evolution des Sciences de la
Vie,"
Revue de Paris.
, January 15,
1929
21
22
Miscellaneous articles: "Le Viellissement,"
Revue de Paris.
, August
1933
21
23
Miscellaneous articles: "Le Laboratoire et la Recherche
Scientifique,"
Revue de Paris.
, June 15,
1935
21
24
Miscellaneous articles: "Les Mirages de la Science,"
Revue de Paris.
, March 1,
1936
box
22
Printed Articles, arranged and bound by Pierre Lecomte du
Noüy.
, 1916-1936
box
23
Printed articles, arranged and bound by Pierre Lecomte du
Noüy.
, 1929-1941
box
24
Miscellaneous printed articles, includes articles by
Pierre Lecomte Noüy and works dedicated to him.
, 1926-1946
Scrapbook, includes clippings about his scientific
research.
, 1920-1939
box
26
Scrapbook, clippings concerning Pierre Lecomte du
Noüy's and the Pasteur Institute's participation in the Chicago
International Exposition.
, 1933
box
folder
27
1
Manuscripts:
Surface Equilibria or Colloidal Solutions, includes
manuscript, typescript, and figures.
, 1926
27
2
Manuscripts:
Equilibres Supercificieles de Solutions Colloidales,
manuscript only.
, 1929
27
3
Manuscripts:
Methodes Physiques en Biologie et en
Médecine, includes manuscript, galley proofs, and letters of
acknowledgment.
, 1933
box
folder
28
1-5
Manuscripts:
La Température Critique du Serum, includes
manuscript, typescript, figures, and letters of acknowledgment.
, 1936-1945
28
6-7
Manuscripts:
Le Temps et la Vie (
Biological Time), includes typescript, figures, and
letters of acknowledgment.
, 1936
box
folder
29
1-3
Manuscripts:
Exposé des Travaux, includes manuscript,
printed work, and letters of acknowledgment.
, 1937
box
folder
30
1-3
Manuscripts:
L'Homme Devant La Science, includes manuscript,
galley proofs, and letters of acknowledgment.
, 1936-1940
30
4-5
Manuscripts:
Road to Reason, includes galley proofs and general
correspondence.
, 1947-1949
box
31
Scrapbook, clippings concerning
L'Homme Devant la Science.
, 1939
box
32
Scrapbook, clippings concerning
Road to Reason.
, 1948-1949
box
33
Manuscripts:
L'Avenir de L'Esprit, includes galley proofs,
manuscript, typescript, notes to the Preface of the American edition, letters
of acknowledgment to the French and American editions, and scrapbook of
clippings concerning
L'Avenir de L'Esprit and
La Dignité Humaine.
, 1941-1950
box
34
Manuscripts:
La Dignité Humaine, includes manuscript,
galley proofs, introduction and first chapter of English translation, and
correspondence relating to the American edition.
, 1943-1950
box
folder
35
1
Manuscripts:
Human Destiny, manuscript.
, 1945
35
2-3
Manuscripts:
Human Destiny, typescript.
, 1947
35
4
Manuscripts:
Human Destiny, correspondence with Longmans, Green
(Isabel Paterson, editor).
, 1946
35
5
Manuscripts:
Human Destiny, correspondence.
, January-March
1947
box
folder
36
1-6
Manuscripts:
Human Destiny, correspondence.
, April-December
1947
box
folder
37
1-7
Manuscripts:
Human Destiny, correspondence.
, January
1948-1952
box
38
Scrapbook:
Human Destiny.
, 1947
box
39
Scrapbook:
Human Destiny.
, 1947-1950
box
40
Scrapbook:
Human Destiny.
, 1948-1949
box
41
Scrapbook:
Human Destiny.
, 1949-1950
box
42
Scrapbook:
Human Destiny.
, 1950-1951
box
43
Scrapbook:
Human Destiny.
, 1951-1952
box
44
Scrapbook:
Human Destiny.
, 1953-1958
box
45
Scrapbook:
Human Destiny.
, 1959-1969
box
46
Scrapbook:
The Road to Human Destiny.
, 1955-1960
box
folder
47
1-5
Scrapbook: articles about Piere Lecomte de Noüy.
, 1931-1970
box
48
Scrapbook:
Entre Savoir et Croire.
, 1964-1965
box
49
Scrapbook, clippings concerning the life and career of
Pierre Lecomte de Noüy.
, 1965-1972
box
50
Scrapbook: Lecomte de Noüy Prize, clippings
concerning the Pierre Lecomte du Noüy Prize: an international award for
a philosophical scientific or biographical work written, or translated into
French or English, which must give evidence of particular interest in the
spiritual life of our time and in upholding the dignity of man. Awarded
annually.
, 1953-1957